Were the attacks in Paris and Brussels an intelligence failure?
The title is almost lurid, but the author does explain why he asks the question.
He concludes, with my emphasis:
Quote:
Intelligence failures can be determined by the lack of information or the lack of information accuracy, which determines a distortion of the analytical process. This can occur either through ignoring or through the mistaken interpretation of data. The analysis of the terrorist attacks in Paris and Brussels suggests there is a new form of terrorism, leading to an unpredictable intelligence failure. The asymmetric character of jihadi attacks means that the success of combatting terrorism no longer relies just on the magnitude of available resources. Unlike other fields, the identification of the causes of errors of intelligence activity is especially difficult, given that their main resource – information – is difficult to quantify. Thus, one can legitimately ask the question – are we talking about a failure of the intelligence services or of a failure of public policies that determine the direction of action of these organizations?
Link:https://defenceindepth.co/2017/03/15...gence-failure/
The author is a SME @ Kings College:http://www.kcl.ac.uk/sspp/department...ragiannis.aspx
The Professor and the Jihadi
A long read from the NYT on the French academic Gilles Kepel, which has revealing sections like these two:
Quote:
In September, a landmark survey commissioned by the Montaigne Institute found that 28 percent of French Muslims had adopted values “clearly opposed to the values of the republic,” with a mix of “authoritarian” and “secessionist” views, including support for polygamy and the niqab, or full-face veil, and opposition to laws enforcing secularism.
(Two later) Jean-Pierre Filiu, another prominent French scholar of the Islamic world, pointed out that several thousand Muslims marched for peace in Mantes-la-Jolie after the Abballa murders (who murdered two police officers at home), many of them bearing pictures of the murdered couple and posters denouncing terrorism, and laid wreaths on the steps of the local Police Headquarters. There was no one there to greet them, and not much news coverage. “The jihadis want to blur the lines, but the lines should be clear,” Filiu told me. “It’s not the Salafis who are against us, and not the Muslims. It’s the jihadis.”
Link:https://mobile.nytimes.com/2017/04/05/magazine/france-election-gilles-kepel-islam.html?
The Algerian effect today
The NYT has an interesting article on the effect of Algeria on the French political scene, but nothing on the impact of those Algerians who are now voters - a rather large omission, perhaps another article is due?
Link:https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/01/world/europe/echoes-of-colonial-conflict-in-algeria-reverberate-in-french-politics.html?
137 Shades of Terrorism. French Jihadists Before the Courts
From a French think tank (IFRI):
Quote:
This study, based on original judicial sources, assesses the profiles of 137 individuals sentenced in France for cases related to jihadism.
Among other things, the study reveals several common denominators including a lower level of education, poorer integration into the labor market, higher levels of criminal activity, and stronger ties to the Maghreb and to sub-Saharan Africa than the average French citizen. Moreover, a qualitative analysis provides an understanding of the processes of radicalization and subsequent participation in terrorist activities. As such, it expounds the role played by group dynamics, the internet, and prisons. This study further illustrates the strains imposed on the judicial and penal systems by the jihadist phenomenon. Relapse is specifically explored, notably through the cases of individuals convicted of terrorism, who, after serving their sentence, launched attacks on French soil. The subject is all the more topical in light of the likely release from prison of some sixty individuals, sentenced for acts of terrorism, in the upcoming two years.
It comes with a lengthy presentation in a rolling PPT.
Link:https://www.ifri.org/en/publications...hadists-courts
After the 2015 Paris attacks things changed and not just for the French
A short Q&A article after the publication of a book in French, under the headline
Quote:
How the planners of the 2015 Paris attacks were systematically eliminated
So the intelligence group within IS was targeted, no great surprise as the French can and have been ruthless before in attacking their enemies. A curious sentence:
Quote:
From 2015, the paradigm shifted, the international community understood that the Islamic State could strike anywhere in the world. Even the Russians and the Chinese cooperated.
Link:https://www.france24.com/en/20181108...islamic-state?
How France was forced to reassess its ideas about radicalised youth
A really interesting France24 (TV) report that opens with:
Quote:
When Paris was hit by two major terrorist attacks in 2015, France embarked on a painful journey to understand the radicalisation of its youth. Three years later, researchers have discredited initial theories about the “typical” home-grown terrorist.
Link:https://www.france24.com/en/20181111...theories-minds
I suspect other interested parties, including "experts" will not be pleased. At least the French have learnt faster than other nations - hopefully.
From Criminals To Terrorists And Back? Quarterly Report: France, vol. 2
A report from Globsec, a NGO based in Slovakia (who have appeared before here IIRC). Perhaps their observations have appeared here before; anyway:
Quote:
A pattern seems to emerge. Indeed, our research found out that
:
- 97% of jihadists that carried out the 22 successful attacks in France since 2012 were known either for radicalisation (82%) or by the police
- 79% were either on France’s terror watch list (61%) or on that of other European nations
- Out of 78 French jihadists either arrested for terrorist offences, killed while staging terrorist attacks or fugitives from justice, 49% had previous convictions and 19% had been multiple offenders, just like Cherif Chekatt, with long track records of classical criminal activity.
A few policy recommendations:
- 15% of the individuals on France’s terror watch list are foreigners: this calls for France’s following of the successful Italian model when possible, i.e. deporting all the non-nationals or dual nationals to their country of origin when convicted of radicalisation. Despite being at the top of the list of targets of Islamic State, Italy has not witnessed a single jihadist attack.
- The French government is refusing to look into this while leaving the field open for the far-right to suggest this. A measure that is supported by 83% of the French population.
- Focus on monitoring radicalised multiple offenders that may have a higher probability to carry out a terror attack (as seen in the case of Chekatt).
Link:https://www.globsec.org/publications...qjWvC4jAw6A.99
Philip Morris plc sponsored the research.
Gilets Jaunes is a French crisis; part of a wider, existential crisis for all
The Yellow Vest protest movement in France has attracted considerable media reporting, sometimes with decent comments; his article by John Lichfield, an experienced British journalist living in Paris beats them all.
Link:https://beergbrexit.blog/2019/02/02/...-giletsjaunes/
He describes why this protest, sometimes violent, has it's geographical roots beyond the cities and reflects the frustration of many. Plus the reaction of the government, the police and the extremes. One of the unreported aspects is the widespread damage to speed cameras.
This is not a France-only phenomenon. It sits best here for now.
He ends in part with:
Quote:
What scares me is not the fact of the GJ movement – not the fact of the anger – but the fact of the fury, the white-hot fury. We speak a great deal about radicalisation, especially of young Muslims etc. But what explains the radicalisation of home carers and garage mechanics in small towns who don’t understands the basics of how their own country’s political and tax system works but know they’re out of the loop, left behind. They have been persuaded that they are being cheated, conspired against. This is partly explained by lack of trusted guides such as political parties, media, church, unions – to shape public opinion. But the white-hot anger can only be explained by the facing mirrors, the multiplier effect, the compound or viral effect of social media. Thus, the Gilets Jaunes is a French crisis but also part of a wider, existential crisis for all 21st century economies and democracies.
Thanks to 'Red Rat' providing the pointer.
An important resource for those wanting to better understand French jihadism
A book review of the 2017 book by Gilles Kepel, a French academic expert on terrorism, by Aaron Zelin and yes the book is in English. The title is from the last sentence of the review.
Link:https://www.academia.edu/38395664/A_...d_in_the_West_