Question numbers added1) I have long suspected that certain European nations do ship supplies overland to Afghanistan via Iran's railways to their rail terminal close to Herat.
2) Yes given India's relationship with Iran - which mar jar with the USA - it can easily use a Gulf port and the overland routes north.
3) Goods in transit to Afghanistan no problem.
4) Keep being curious. You may one day understand this re-run of the 'Great Game'.
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