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Thread: Gurkha beheads Taliban...

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    Question Gurkha beheads Taliban...

    ...and gets sent home.

    This is a few months old but I missed it before now.

    A Gurkha soldier has been flown back to the UK after hacking the head off a dead Taliban commander with his ceremonial knife to prove the dead man’s identity.

    The private, from 1st Battalion, Royal Gurkha Rifles, was involved in a fierce firefight with insurgents in the Babaji area of central Helmand Province when the incident took place earlier this month.

    His unit had been told that they were seeking a ‘high value target,’ a Taliban commander, and that they must prove they had killed the right man.
    Complete article here: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/arti...n-fighter.html

    Never got to meet any of these little fellers. I think I'd like to.
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    You're not seriously condoning this behaviour, are you?

    "This is considered a gross insult to the Muslims of Afghanistan, who bury the entire body of their dead even if parts have to be retrieved.

    British soldiers often return missing body parts once a battle has ended so the dead can be buried in one piece."

    'Nuff said, I think.

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    Council Member Van's Avatar
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    I'm just horrified at how insensitive to Nepalese culture some people are.

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    Default I'll do some splainin'

    afghanoutsider,

    I know my post had a facetious tone about a serious subject. It obvously offended you. I apologize.

    Quote Originally Posted by afghanoutsider View Post
    You're not seriously condoning this behaviour, are you?
    No, but I'm not seriously condemning it either, not just yet.

    Did the Gurkha commit a war crime? I understand he displayed cultural insensitivity and he may have violated his commander's policy. But did he commit a war crime? I don't know, but if he did I won't condon it.

    Did he mutilate a dead enemy combatant for a body parts trophy? If he did I won't condon it.

    Did he mutilate a dead enemy combatant for the purpose of inflicting greater emotional suffering on the dead combatant's family or Afghans in general? If he did I won't condon it.

    But did this young Nepalese soldier really think he was following orders as he understood them? And did his own cultural background and martial heritage make it difficult to fully understand how big a deal this was going to be? I don't know anything about Nepalese culture, so I can't say if that's the case, but it seems possible to me that it might be. If it is, I won't condemn him.

    And I don't think a My Lai analogy works here. Soldiers there couldn't kill non-combatants and say, "I was just following orders." But this soldier, who is from a different culture than both his commanders and his enemies, mutilated an enemy combatant that was already dead. And he did it in the middle of a fire fight, evidently because he thought he needed to for ID purposes, and he didn't try to conceal the act as far as we know.

    I'm not ready to be offended at this just yet, even if his commanders and enemies are.
    Last edited by Rifleman; 10-25-2010 at 03:38 AM.
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    Council Member BayonetBrant's Avatar
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    Quote Originally Posted by afghanoutsider View Post
    You're not seriously condoning this behaviour, are you?

    "This is considered a gross insult to the Muslims of Afghanistan, who bury the entire body of their dead even if parts have to be retrieved.

    British soldiers often return missing body parts once a battle has ended so the dead can be buried in one piece."

    'Nuff said, I think.
    About as much as I'd condone the beheading of Nick Berg and Daniel Pearl.
    Brant
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    Default Not to jump on Rifleman, for using "war crime",

    since he is far from the only person to overuse the term (I inhabit a whole thread devoted to its use and overuse );

    but why do we too often directly jump to this question:

    from Rifleman
    Did the Gurkha commit a war crime? I understand he displayed cultural insensitivity and he may have violated his commander's policy. But did he commit a war crime? I don't know, but if he did I won't condone it.
    Not every breach of the various conventions is a "war crime" - most breaches are not.

    Our understanding is not helped by 1975 (rev.) FM 27-10, which is otherwise usually accurate for its vintage, which lays down this "blackletter":

    499. War Crimes
    The term "war crime" is the technical expression for a violation of the law of war by any person or persons, military or civilian. Every violation of the law of war is a war crime.
    That "blackletter" is simply too simplistic and can lead people legally astray.

    The 2010 Operational Law Handbook provides us with a 5-COAs approach:

    XVI. REMEDIES FOR VIOLATIONS OF THE LAW OF WAR

    A. U.S. Military and Civilian Criminal Jurisdiction

    1. The historic practice of the military services is to charge members of the U.S. military who commit offenses regarded as a “war crime” under existing, enumerated articles of the UCMJ.[165]

    2. In the case of other persons subject to trial by general courts-martial for violating the laws of war[166] the charge shall be “Violation of the Laws of War” rather than a specific UCMJ article.

    3. The War Crimes Act of 1997[167] provides federal courts with jurisdiction to prosecute any person inside or outside the U.S. for war crimes where a U.S. national or member of the armed forces is involved as an accused or as a victim.

    4. “War Crimes” are defined in the War Crimes Act as: (1) grave breaches as defined in the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and any Protocol thereto to which the U.S. is a party; (2) violations of Articles 23, 25, 27, 28 of the Annex to the Hague Convention IV; (3) violations of Common Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and any Protocol thereto to which the U.S. is a party and deals with a non-international armed conflict; (4) violations of provisions of Protocol on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby-Traps & Other devices (Protocol II as amended May, 1996) when the U.S. is a party to such Protocol and the violator willfully kills or causes serious injury to civilians.

    5. U.S. policy on application of the LOW is stated in DoD Directive 2311.01E (9 May 2006): “It is DoD policy that … [m]embers of the DoD Components [including U.S. civilians and contractors assigned to or accompanying the armed forces] comply with the LOW during all armed conflicts, however such conflicts are characterized, and in all other military operations.”

    165 FM 27-10, para. 507.
    166 UCMJ, art. 18.
    167 18 U.S.C. § 2441. [JMM Note: "war crimes" violations of Common Article 3 are more carefully defined in the statute and by court decisions than 2010 OLH states - again, not all CA3 violations are "war crimes"]
    A less legalistic approach appears in a posting at Free Republic from another denizen of our SWC zoo (Polarbear1605), Laws of War to Rules of Law or the Old Switch-A-Roo!, where The Great Furry One first notes:

    The UCMJ is a uniquely military judicial system because when you look at the UCMJ Articles, you find not only civilian or Rules of Law (common law) charges like Murder, Robbery and Larceny but also military charges like Desertion, Absent without Leave and Disrespect to a Superior Commissioned Officer. There are some 60 punitive articles in the UCMJ and one of the puzzling features of the UCMJ is that there are no specific articles for war crimes.
    Da Bear gets into the guts of the "war crimes" problem with this:

    These ROEs are clearly based on the three principles of the Laws of War; military necessity, proportionality and distinction. These Law of War principles are exactly what Soldiers and Marines in combat are trained not only to base their tactical decisions on but also they are ordered and continually reminded to follow.

    Now here is the issue, if our servicemen are operating in combat in a foreign country under the Laws of War ROE, why are they being charged with murder instead of violating one or more of the principles of the Laws of War. Another way to say this is why are we charging our warriors with murder on the battle field instead of violating the combat ROE rules and regulations established for combat operations?

    Each service has its own War Crimes directives. As an example, let’s look at Marine Corps MCRP (Marine Corps Reference Publication) 4-11.8B, War Crimes. This publication’s interesting part is that it maps war crimes to UCMJ articles. For example; “The willful killing, torture or inhuman treatment of individuals protected by the Geneva Conventions” which is a violation of military necessity, maps to the UCMJ Articles of: Article 93 Cruelty and Maltreatment Article 118 Murder Article 119 Manslaughter Article 120 Rape and Carnal Knowledge Article 122 Robbery Article 124 Maiming Article 128 Assault Article 134 General Article (indecent assault, negligent homicide)

    The Manual for Courts-Martial (MCM) list the “elements of proof” for each of these punitive Articles. The elements of proof “are the specifics of the offense. In order to support a finding of "guilty," the government must prove each and every element of the offense, beyond a reasonable doubt”. Murder, for example, has the following elements of proof (according to the MCM):

    “ Premeditated murder. (a) That a certain named or described person is dead; (b) That the death resulted from the act or omission of the accused; (c) That the killing was unlawful; and (d) That, at the time of the killing, the accused had a premeditated design to kill.”

    Another way to state these elements of proof in layman terms: (a) You need to prove you have a dead body; (b) You need to prove who pulled the trigger; (c) It was not self defense (only rules of law I know to justify a dead body); and (d) You need to prove beyond a reasonable doubt the accused intended to kill the victim.

    Notice that the MCM elements of proof make no mention of the Laws of War principles of military necessity, proportionality or distinction.
    Great post by the White Bear, including his suggested script for a TV “Law and Order“ series.

    Besides the unique concepts of military necessity, proportionality or distinction, the Laws of War also are based on reciprocity. True, they can chug along on autopilot for a while; but if reciprocity is lacking, they eventually develop disconnects.

    Lack of reciprocity comes from various causes - e.g., different cultures, different legal systems. Or, it can come about because of what PB1605 terms “Strategic Legalism”:

    The definition of Strategic Legalism is “the use of law or legal arguments to further larger policy objectives, irrespective of facts or laws”. .....

    Strategic Legalism is a political maneuver that has existed for a long while. Peter Maguire, who defined the term, credits the maneuver to Secretary of War Elihu Root (1845 – 1937) one of the first US Government lawyer-politician bureaucrats. The interesting story that Peter Maguire tells as one of the first examples of Strategic Legalism, centers on USMC Major Littleton Tazewell Waller and his court martial that took place during the Philippine American War (1899-1902).

    Major Waller successfully defended himself using the existing Laws of War despite the widespread sensational press accusations of murder. The Major’s successful defense kept his career intact. He would later be considered as one of two candidates for the Marine Commandant; however, the other candidate would be selected.
    How should one class the beheading videos (having watched a few) in terms of reciprocity and the reasons for them ? I expect that is very much in the eyes of the beholder. In my own eyes, comparing them to what the Gurk did (based on our limited facts) suggests that he was guilty of a breach of etiquette.

    Regards

    Mike

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    Quote Originally Posted by BayonetBrant View Post
    About as much as I'd condone the beheading of Nick Berg and Daniel Pearl.
    No offense intended, but I don't think it's the same thing.

    jmm99,

    I was waiting for the legal minds to show up.
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    Council Member Ken White's Avatar
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    Default I'm with Van...

    However, I do condone the others on this thread...

    Noting only that Bayonet Brant has a valid point in that it may not be the same thing but the result was similar and the neighborhoods were pretty close to being identical. One need not condone actions but one should probably accept that they are going to occasionally occur and that, in the end, there's very little one can do to stop local people acting locally. Or something like that.

    JMM, as usual, makes more sense than the rest of us while adding logical perspective...

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    Assuming that beheading dead Taliban was authorized (just exploring an idea here), what good would come out of it?

    What would the psychological (if any) impact be on the Taliban? Would they be less hesitant to fight, or more aggressive? I suspect the war would simply get more brutal. While there are exceptions, compared to the Vietnamese, Nazis, North Koreans, or Japanese the Taliban have been relatively gentle with their prisoners (beheading is a form of execution, nothing more, nothing less). I wouldn't want to be a POW period, but if I had a choice of being detained by the Japanese in WWII or the Taliban, I would take the Taliban without a second thought.

    My point is that our rules for fighting this conflict are about right. Sending the service member home that committed the beheading is probably appropriate (hopefully no more will come of it). If I recall President Bush literally wanted UBL's head (if you believe what you read).

    On the other hand, I don't think we need to over react to this event. Simply say we don't do this, and be done with it. We sure as heck don't need to bend over to kiss the enemy's ass and apologize for offending them. Give it a break.

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    Default Good post; good thoughts

    Quote Originally Posted by Global Scout View Post
    Assuming that beheading dead Taliban was authorized (just exploring an idea here), what good would come out of it?
    Point taken.

    What would the psychological (if any) impact be on the Taliban? Would they be less hesitant to fight, or more aggressive? I suspect the war would simply get more brutal. While there are exceptions, compared to the Vietnamese, Nazis, North Koreans, or Japanese the Taliban have been relatively gentle with their prisoners (beheading is a form of execution, nothing more, nothing less). I wouldn't want to be a POW period, but if I had a choice of being detained by the Japanese in WWII or the Taliban, I would take the Taliban without a second thought.
    No opinion here.

    My point is that our rules for fighting this conflict are about right. Sending the service member home that committed the beheading is probably appropriate (hopefully no more will come of it).
    Agreed that sending the Gurkha home is a good idea. And agreed that hopefully no more will come of it. Based on the information known, I would not want to see the Gurkha prosecuted criminally or penalized professionally.

    If I recall President Bush literally wanted UBL's head (if you believe what you read).
    I don't, LOL.

    On the other hand, I don't think we need to over react to this event. Simply say we don't do this, and be done with it. We sure as heck don't need to bend over to kiss the enemy's ass and apologize for offending them. Give it a break.
    Essentially agreed; but again, my main concern is that the Gurkha will be made an example of, and I don't think that should happen based upon what is known at this point.

    I wonder if the young Gurkha is disillusioned right now? He probably had ancestors who did the same thing during the earlier Afghan wars and were revered for it. Okay, so that thought can't be considered in how we conduct ourselves in 2010. I still wonder about it.
    Last edited by Rifleman; 10-25-2010 at 09:18 PM.
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    I of course have zero mil experience and have never met a Gurkha. I have read a number of books by Brits who've served with and commanded Gurkhas though. From that reading, the following story I pulled from Tom Ricks' blog of May 1, 2009 illustrates something about those guys and it might be useful to bear it in mind when evaluating this incident.

    " Story goes that during WWII, the British Indian Army planned to drop a company of the toughest Gurkhas behind Japanese lines to help stop the oncoming invaders. A British major explained the plan to the Gurkha sergeant major, saying: "We'll drop you from 600 feet."

    "' The sergeant major talked to his troops, then went back to the major: "Sah, the men say 600 feet too high. They want to be dropped lower." The British major said: "All right, sergeant major, we'll make it 500 feet."

    The sergeant major spoke to his troops again, and again went back to the major: "Sah, the men say 500 feet is still too high and want to be dropped lower." The major said: "Sergeant major, we could go down to 400 feet to drop you but that wouldn't leave enough time for the parachutes to open."

    Sergeant major: "Ooohhh, paraaaachutes???"'"

    The story is probably apocryphal but it makes the point well. I have also read the Gurkhas are extremely correct in their dealing with people subject to their authority.
    "We fight, get beat, rise, and fight again." Gen. Nathanael Greene

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    Let's try putting the shoe on the other foot for a minute. How would any of us feel if, for instance, after killing one of our senior leaders in an ambush, the Taliban cut of his/her head in order to take it back to Pakistan to confirm the identity?

    Legal or not, justified or not, no one views dismembering of bodies by the enemy as legitimate.
    Supporting "time-limited, scope limited military actions" for 20 years.

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    A step-grandfather of mine was in the 17th London during the First World War. He said the gurkhas attached to his battalion would strip naked, oil themselves, and crawl through No Man's Land at night into German positions with their kukris. Before they left they would ask guys what they wanted -- watches, pistols, etc. All they would keep for themselves were the earlobes of those they had slain.

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    Default First, the facts, as stated

    from article:

    His unit had been told that they were seeking a ‘high value target,’ a Taliban commander, and that they must prove they had killed the right man

    The Gurkhas had intended to remove the Taliban leader’s body from the battlefield for identification purposes.

    But they came under heavy fire as their tried to do so. Military sources said that in the heat of battle, the Gurkha took out his curved kukri knife and beheaded the dead insurgent.

    He is understood to have removed the man’s head from the area, leaving the rest of his body on the battlefield.
    Second, looking at these first facts from a Laws of War standpoint, the more appropriate COA (removal of the entire body from the field) was foreclosed by enemy fires. The Gurk, utilizing judgment in terms of the military necessity to ID the HVT, took an alterrnative COA to achieve that goal and complete his mission.

    Thirdly, looking to another set of facts from the article:

    The incident, which is being investigated by senior commanders, is hugely embarrassing to the British Army, which is trying to build bridges with local Afghan communities who have spent decades under #Taliban rule.
    ....
    If the Gurkha being investigated by the Army is found guilty of beheading the dead enemy soldier, he will have contravened the Geneva Conventions which dictate the rules of war. Soldiers are banned from demeaning their enemies.

    The Gurkha now faces disciplinary action and a possible court martial. If found guilty, he could be jailed.

    He is now confined to barracks at the Shorncliffe garrison, near Folkestone, Kent.
    The overall UK policy looks more akin to Strategic Legalism (the use of law or legal arguments to further larger policy objectives, irrespective of facts or laws to the contrary) than anything else.

    The bottom line, therefore, has nothing much to do with law (especially military law); but is overwhelmingly a question of "proper policy". What is "proper" - I lean to MAJ Thomas:

    Now, when the rules and customs of war are departed from by one side, one must expect the same sort of behaviour from the other. Accordingly, officers of the Carbineers should be, and up until now have been, given the widest possible discretion in their treatment of the enemy. Now, I don't ask for proclamations condoning distasteful methods of war, but I do say that we must take for granted that it does happen. Let's not give our officers hazy, vague instructions about what they may or may not do. Let's not reprimand them, on the one hand for hampering the column with prisoners, and at another time and another place, hold them up as murderers for obeying orders. [...] The fact of the matter is that war changes men's natures. The barbarities of war are seldom committed by abnormal men. The tragedy of war is that these horrors are committed by normal men in abnormal situations, situations in which the ebb and flow of everyday life have departed and have been replaced by a constant round of fear, and anger, blood, and death. Soldiers at war are not to be judged by civilian rules, as the prosecution is attempting to do, even though they commit acts which, calmly viewed afterwards, could only be seen as unchristian and brutal. And if, in every war, particularly guerilla war, all the men who committed reprisals were to be charged and tried as murderers, court martials like this one would be in permanent session. Would they not? I say that we cannot hope to judge such matters unless we ourselves have been submitted to the same pressures, the same provocations as these men, whose actions are on trial.
    That being said, the more likely result is "Shoot straight, you ba$tards".

    Regards

    Mike

    Note Bene: This and my prior post are personal opinion pieces and not statements about what the "law" is.

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    Entirely by coincidence tonight while reading the memoirs of a Wehrmacht private first class I read that the Gurkhas in the vicinity of Monte Cassino in 1944 were in the habit of cutting off the ears of enemies they had killed. His story appears verify my Grandfather's tale from the First World War.

    During the Cold War our support of various governments put us in an ethical dilemma when our clients didn't always live up to the norms of behavior we're accustomed to. It's a case of different moral principles being in conflict with each other -- is the main point to fight a moral war without stepping on the ethical cracks in the sidewalk, or winning the war?

    In 1945 my Dad saw an unpleasant scene when his battery liberated a small slave labor camp. One of the prisoners there got hold of a U.S. weapon and gunned down his former guards. None of the G.I.s did a thing to stop him because they thought the guards had it coming. Dad said it may technically have been a U.S. war crime because they didn't do anything to prevent it; but he too felt the Germans deserved it.

    Dad refused to watch "Hogan's Heroes" on TV because he thought there was nothing funny about German camps.
    Last edited by Pete; 10-26-2010 at 04:42 AM.

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    Council Member Van's Avatar
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    I'm really baffled by this.

    Al Qaida/Taliban/whichever gaggle of insurgents we're fighting today commits an 'atrocity' (that is utterly within conduct condoned by their culture), we're outraged, and they don't change. They keep doing things that outrage us.

    An ally of ours commits an 'atrocity' (that is utterly within conduct condoned by both the perp's and the target's culture, by their actions if not statements), we're outraged, and we change. We stop doing things that create the gestures of outrage even if it common practice for the enemy to do to their own.

    When we stress the importance of being an agile and adaptable force, but somehow I think we're missing the point.

    If an action sets off Al Qaida/Taliban to this degree, perhaps we should arrange a way to allow the Gurkhas to avenge the insult visited upon them by the attorneys of the bad guys who have compromised our legal framework to their own ends. And avenging insults is perfectly acceptable with the Pashtunwali, thus demonstrating our respect for local culture in Afghanistan.

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    Default Watch out for those “mission orders”, they can scare the hell out of ya!

    “Mission tactics (orders) are just as the name implies: the tactic of assigning a subordinate mission without specifying how the mission must be accomplished. We leave the manner of accomplishing the mission to the subordinate, thereby allowing him the freedom and establishing the duty to take whatever steps he deems necessary based on the situation. The senior prescribes the method of execution only to the degree that is essential for coordination. It is the freedom for initiative that permits the high tempo of operations that we desire. Uninhibited by restrictions from above, the subordinate can adopt his actions to the changing situation.” FMFM 1 p.70-71
    Sounds to me like the soldier stayed within the bounds of “military necessity” and followed his mission orders. If the commander cannot handle the results…he probably should not be a commander. If the Gurkha soldier was flown back to the UK as reported….it should be to give him a medal vs investigation.
    Strategic Legalism…Oh Ya! Breaker Morant, Littleton Tazewell Waller, and now Jeffery Chessani (Haditha Battalion Commander).

    Read When Doctrine becomes Dogma here:
    http://warchronicle.com/DefendOurMar...ls_PartSix.htm
    Last edited by Polarbear1605; 10-26-2010 at 08:09 PM.

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    After reading the article I got curious and watched several youtube clips of Gurkhas.

    There were many interesting clips showing Gurkha units and training, but I liked these best:

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FuTsU...eature=related

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XZMHw...eature=related

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=khfMT...eature=related
    Last edited by Rifleman; 10-26-2010 at 09:51 PM.
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    Default A tribute ....

    to you, Bob, for your huge effort in the Defend Our Marines, and related web sites. Your own articles and your collections of articles by others bring home the realities of the impact of laws (sometimes applied correctly; other times not) on the individual troop.

    And, keep gnawing at the generals' ankles.

    Even in the Corps, generals have yielded to lawyer-politicians, going back (in my memory) to Ribbon Creek and Matthew McKeon. The problem there was not the court-martial (it found what it found); the problem was the generals' abject capitulation during the course of the Congressional investigation.

    Regards

    Mike

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    what do you think the khukuri was invented for?

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