I've wanted to ask you (or others) this question for awhile now (on the more 'sophisticated' backers of the hardcore Taliban):

Shashank Joshi wrote an article suggesting that denial of visas of high ranking officials and officers might have changed a certain calculus toward Afghanistan. You said that intelligence agencies and others might have been convinced early on if the situation was approached in a certain way. It's worked in certain instances, we've denied visas to get things moving diplomatically in the region.

Do you think this sort of thing instead of the weird Holbrooke/Nasr/Kerry carrots forever and ever might have worked early on?