The Handbook of North American Indians is the starting point. Literally, as in that’s the rationale behind spending U.S. taxpayer dollars on it.
For the time period in question you would likely most want to consult volumes 4 and 13. You can get them new for $65 and $111.50, respectively. The prices are absolute steals given the quality, though most libraries of any size will have copies if you understandably do not want to make the investment. The only problem there is that they are usually in the Reference section so can not be checked out.
Volume 4 was published in 1988 and volume 13 in 2001, so there has been some additional work since. The Plains are not my area of regional expertise but I do know something about them via my graduate school advisor (the editor of volume 13) if you were to have any specific bibliographic or other questions.
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