I. INTRODUCTION
II. PROCEDURAL HISTORY
III. JURISDICTIONAL BASIS FOR REVIEW
IV. ISSUES ON APPEAL
A. Result of Court’s Review
V. STATEMENT OF FACTS
A. The Al-Qaeda Plan
B. Appellant’s Background, Conduct, and Trial
VI. STANDARD OF REVIEW
VII. MILITARY COMMISSION SUBJECT MATTER JURISDICTION
A. Introduction
B. Issue Presented
C. The Law
1. Military Commissions Act of 2006
2. Congressional Authority to Define and Punish Offenses Against the Law of Nations
3. The Law of Nations
4. The Law of Armed Conflict
a. Combatants—Lawful and Unlawful
(1) Alien Unlawful Enemy Combatant (AUEC) – Common Element 1
(a) AUEC and the Law of Armed Conflict
(b) Irregular Warfare
(c) U.S. Army 1914 and 1956 Manuals
(d) Terrorists
(e) Conclusion
(2) Conduct in the Context of and Associated with an Armed Conflict – Common Element 2
VIII. PROVIDING MATERIAL SUPPORT FOR TERRORISM, EX POST FACTO, AND INSTRUCTIONAL ERROR
A. Providing Material Support for Terrorism – an Offense Under the Law of Armed Conflict
1. The Charge
2. The 2006 M.C.A. and 2007 M.M.C
a. Material Support or Resources
b. Terrorism defined
3. Non-U.S. Domestic Providing Material Support for Terrorism-Type Laws
B. Discussion
1. Criminal Organizations – International Military Tribunal at Nuremburg
2. Control Council 10 – Nuremburg Military Tribunals
3. Joint Criminal Enterprise
C. Analysis
D. Complicity
E. Aiding the Enemy
F. Ex Post Facto
G. Instructional Error
IX. CONSPIRACY TO VIOLATE THE LAW OF WAR AS AN OFFENSE TRIABLE BY MILITARY COMMISSION
A. Conspiracy - The Charge and Specification
B. Conspiracy under the 2006 M.C.A. and 2007 M.M.C
C. Analysis
1. Non-U.S. Conspiracy-Type Laws
D. Conclusion
X. SOLICITATION AS AN OFFENSE TRIABLE BY MILITARY COMMISSION
A. Solicitation - The Charge and Specification
B. Solicitation under the 2006 M.C.A. and 2007 M.M.C
C. Analysis
1. Solicitation-Type Laws
XI. FIRST AMENDMENT ISSUES
A. Discussion
B. The Military Commissions Act and the First Amendment
C. Potential Chilling Effect on U.S. Citizens
D. Military Commission Judge’s Instructions
E. Conclusion
XII. 2006 M.C.A. AND BILL OF ATTAINDER
A. Bills of Attainder and Legislative Analysis
1. Legislatively Determines Guilt
2. Legislatively Inflicts Punishment
a. Historical Test
b. Functional Test
c. Motivational Test
(1) Specificity of Identification
(2) Lack of Judicial Trial
B. Conclusion
XIII. EQUAL PROTECTION
XIV. WAIVER OF ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR I, III to V
A. The Law
B. Analysis
XV. SENTENCE APPROPRIATENESS
A. Applicable Law
B. Analysis
1. The Offense and the Offender
2. Closely-Related Cases
XVI. CONCLUSION
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