Regarding connections to Europe, a good place to start would be looking into the history and connections of Ansar al-Islam (formerly Ansar al-Sunna, former Ansar al-Islam, formerly a bunch of splinter groups that merged, such as Islamic Movement of Kurdistan, etc). They are not a big successful franchise operation like al-Qaeda, but they've got quite the worldwide network that includes Italy, Norway, and probably other European countries. I know this because I was looking into the group when it was known as Ansar al-Sunna. To speak to another point raised on this thread, I was frustrated with inaccurate and incomplete information on classified networks, so I went online and found more accurate, timely, and complete information from Jamestown.org and other reputable sources.
Not sure what ever came of this, but see also link between IRA and PLO.
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