The disaster relief community is well aware of what is possible in the way of prefabricated housing--and, as Dayuhan wisely notes, the potential drawbacks involved too. I might also add three other things to his list:
1) Those displaced by disasters won't always accept all prefabricated housing if it is too remote from local experience, especially in the post-emergency phase.
2) Whenever there is an emergency, precious time can be wasted trying to fend off overeager providers of prefabricated housing that is too costly, too slow, available in inadequate numbers, can't easily be transported, or is otherwise inappropriate. It becomes even more of a problem when they have their local embassy lobbying you to buy the stuff too.
3) Providing nice prefabricated housing to only a small proportion of those in need of shelter can set you up for an enormous political backlash.
This isn't to say that it isn't part of the answer--it is. However, it is to say that it is far from being a magic bullet.
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