Redundancy in small unit organization

[William F. Owen]

Quick question. Does the "denial of the same to the adversary" argument hold in an urban environment where the enemy patrols in plainclothes and you do not? If not, what's the solution or alternative?

Sure as hell. If you can prove that someone is conducting unarmed or even armed reconnaissance, then you can detain or, if necessary, kill them.

How someone dresses merely effects the how you detect them. It does not alter the need to detect them.