The Indian Air Force’s (IAF) efforts, Operation Safed Sagar (White Sea),
produced mixed results. Thin air diminished weapon accuracy and hindered aircraft
performance. Adverse weather and the heightened SAM threat hampered the IAF’s
attempts at close air support (CAS). Aircraft proved unreliable in rapidly changing
weather, and a lack of pilot training for CAS in the mountains further diminished the
IAF’s ability to provide firepower in coordination with ground maneuver. The IAF
eventually adapted and enjoyed some success, primarily against fixed targets. The
introduction of laser-guided munitions (LGM) increased accuracy and contributed to the
fight on Tiger Hill. IAF pressure on NLI soldiers had a significant psychological effect.
Unconventional techniques, such as using aerial munitions to create avalanches over
trails, isolated Pakistani defensive positions and destroyed supply sites.
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