Yes, there are lots of subterfuges (deceits used in order to achieve one's goal) - both of us know the ways. We also know that proxies exist, etc.; and that we have ops covert and clandestine, etc. All are covered by Title 10 and/or Title 50 in one way or another; and all are one form of intervention or another - including money, weapons and training outside the borders. We did all of that with El Salvador (with minimal numbers, etc.); and have been doing it in any number of places since 9/11 via direct actions, drone strikes and targeted FID projects.

Anyway, I've spent more time on this collateral Syrian side alley tour than I spent on the Jack Goldsmith and Ashley Deeks IL articles, and checking their sources . So, if you two will excuse me, I'm going to get on to other things that I owe other people in other places.

Regards

Mike