Well, independently of the quality or past success and failures of a given diplomat, diplomacy is not an infallible means to arrive at the best solution. The universally accepted Clausewitzian proposition that “war is the continuation of politics by other means” implicitly obliges us to recognize that diplomacy may fail at some point. When it does, then costs ensue, usually.
Diplomacy is sometimes defined as the art of the possible; and to think of it in this light and to recognize the different factors that restrict a statesman’s freedom to choose among possible courses of action helps to illuminate some of the difficulties and the limitations of statecraft.
But is should never be forgotten that there are historical situations (virtually in time of national defeat and disaster) in which statesmen and their advisers are not given the privilege of choice at all, but are forced to accept things that they do not wish to accept, or to do things that they do not whish to do, because the penalty for reusing to do so is just unacceptable.
Let the man explain his point:
“Only absolute security—the neutralization of the opponent—is considered a sufficient guarantee, and thus the desire of one power for absolute security means absolute insecurity for all the others.
Diplomacy, the art of restraining the exercise of power, cannot function in such an environment. It is a mistake to assume that diplomacy can always settle international disputes if there is “good faith” and “willingness to come to an agreement.” For in a revolutionary international order, each power will seem to its opponent to lack precisely these qualities. Diplomats can still meet but they cannot persuade, for they have ceased to speak the same language. In the absence of an agreement on what constitutes a reasonable demand, diplomatic conferences are occupied with sterile repetitions of basic positions and accusations of bas faith, or allegations of “unreasonableness” and “subversion.” They become elaborate stage plays which attempt to attach as yet uncommitted powers to one of the opposing systems.”
Henry Kissinger, in A World Restored. Metternick, Castlereagh and the Problems of Peace; 1812-1822. 1973.
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