Older article (Nov 07), but a first read for me. I'd be interested in hearing feedback on this from people who are much more active in this field than I am, and thus actually able to comment intelligently on the subject.

Defeat Internet Censorship: Overview of Advanced Technologies and Products
....This article aims to provide a non-technical overview of the leading and most influential technologies used to circumvent Internet censorship in repressive regimes. We will also discuss the software packages that were found to be most effective in countering the blockage for endusers. Thus, this article will document the state of the art in this field, and provide practical guidance for users who need to make judicious choices of the best tools available for their protection.

We will use the censorship in China as the primary example because the most advanced censorship technologies have been deployed and tested there. The circumvention tools to defeat the censorship in China will work equally well or better in other countries......